I. Ukwakheka Okubalulekile
1. Isigaba Esiqinile: I-Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- I-Proportion Range: 70–95%
- Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko: Ibonisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka, ngobulukhuni be-Vickers ≥1400 HV.
- Umthelela Wosayizi Wokusanhlamvu:
- Okusanhlamvu Okuqinile (3–8μm): Ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela, kulungele ukwakheka okunamatshe noma ama-interlayers aqinile.
- Okusanhlamvu Okuhle/I-Ultrafine (0.2–2μm): Ubulukhuni obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa, ilungele ukwakheka okugaya kakhulu njengetshe le-quartz sandstone.
2. Isigaba sokuhlanganisa: I-Cobalt (Co) noma i-Nickel (Ni)
- I-Proportion Range: 5–30%, esebenza “njengengcina yensimbi” ukuze ibophe izinhlayiya ze-tungsten carbide futhi inikeze ukuqina.
- Izinhlobo Nezici:
- I-Cobalt-based (Inketho Ejwayelekile):
- Izinzuzo: Amandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuhle kwe-thermal, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezibanzi.
- Isicelo: Ukwakheka okuningi okujwayelekile kanye nokushisa okuphezulu (i-cobalt ihlala izinzile ngaphansi kwe-400 ° C).
- I-Nickel-based (Izimfuneko Ezikhethekile):
- Izinzuzo: Ukumelana nokugqwala okuqinile (ukumelana ne-H₂S, CO₂, noketshezi lokumba olunosawoti omningi).
- Isicelo: Izinkambu zegesi ene-Acidic, amapulatifomu angasogwini, nezinye izindawo ezigqwalile.
- I-Cobalt-based (Inketho Ejwayelekile):
3. Izengezo (Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinga Elincane)
- I-Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Ithuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation futhi inciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesigaba se-binder ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu zokushisa.
- I-Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): Ivimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu futhi ithuthukise ubulukhuni bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
II. Izizathu zokukhetha i-Tungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| Ukusebenza | Incazelo yenzuzo |
|---|---|
| Gqoka Ukumelana | Ukuqina okwesibili kunedayimane, ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezinhlayiya ezihuquzelayo njengesihlabathi se-quartz (izinga lokugqoka izikhathi ezingu-10+ ngaphansi kunensimbi). |
| Ukumelana Nomthelela | Ukuqina okuvela esigabeni sokuhlanganisa i-cobalt/nickel kuvimbela ukuhlukana kusuka ekudlidlizeni kwe-downhole kanye nokubhampa kancane (ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu okugwadule + ukwakheka kwe-cobalt ephezulu). |
| High-Temperature Ukuzinza | Igcina ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa embobo engezansi engu-300–500°C (ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt anomkhawulo wokushisa ongu-~500°C). |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel amelana nokugqwala okuvela oketshezini lokumba olunesulfure, andisa impilo yesevisi ezindaweni ezine-acidic. |
| Izindleko-Ngempumelelo | Izindleko eziphansi kakhulu kunedayimane/cubic boron nitride, enempilo yesevisi ephindwe ka-20–50 kuneyembobo yensimbi, enikeza izinzuzo eziphelele eziphelele. |
III. Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Izinto
| Uhlobo Lwezinto | Ukubi | Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza |
|---|---|---|
| Idayimane (PCD/PDC) | I-brittleness ephezulu, ukumelana nomthelela omubi; kubiza kakhulu (~100x lokho kwe-tungsten carbide). | Akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa imibhobho; ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni zokuhlola ezilimaza kakhulu. |
| I-Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Ukumelana okuhle kwezinga lokushisa kodwa ukuqina okuphansi; kuyabiza. | Ukwakheka okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okujule kakhulu (okungajwayelekile). |
| I-Ceramics (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | ubulukhuni obukhulu kodwa ukuqina okuphawulekayo; ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo okuphansi. | Esigabeni sokuqinisekisa elebhu, akukaliwe ngokwentengiso. |
| Insimbi Enamandla Aphakeme | Ukumelana nokugqoka okunganele, impilo yesevisi emfushane. | Izingcezu ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ezinye izindlela zesikhashana. |
IV. Iziqondiso Zokuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe
1. I-Material Optimization
- I-Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Usayizi wokusanhlamvu <200nm, ubulukhuni bukhuphuke ngo-20% ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuqina (isb, uchungechunge lwe-Sandvik Hyperion™).
- Ukwakheka Kwezinga Elisebenzayo: High-hardness fine-grain WC endaweni ye-nozzle, ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-coarse-grain + i-high-cobalt core, ukugqokwa kokulinganisa nokumelana nokuphuka.
2. Ukuqinisa Ubuso
- I-Diamond Coating (CVD): Ifilimu engu-2–5μm inyusa ubulukhuni bobuso ukuze ibe>>6000 HV, inwebe ukuphila ngo-3–5x (ukunyuka kwezindleko ngo-30%).
- I-Laser Cladding: Izendlalelo ze-WC-Co ezifakwe ezindaweni zomlomo ezisengozini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa kwendawo.
3. I-Additive Manufacturing
- I-3D-Printed Tungsten Carbide: Inika amandla ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe kwamashaneli okugeleza ayinkimbinkimbi (isb, izakhiwo ze-Venturi) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic.
V. Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokukhetha Izinto
| Izimo zokusebenza | Isincomo Sempahla |
|---|---|
| Amafomu abrasive kakhulu | I-Fine/ultrafine-grain WC + i-cobalt ephansi emaphakathi (6–8%) |
| Izingxenye ezithambekele ekuthinteni/ukudlidliza | I-WC ye-coarse-grain + i-cobalt ephezulu (10-13%) noma isakhiwo esilinganiselwe |
| Indawo ene-Acidic (H₂S/CO₂). | Isibopho esisekelwe ku-nickel + isengezo se-Cr₃C₂ |
| Imithombo ejule kakhulu (>150°C) | Ingxubevange esekwe ku-cobalt + izithasiselo ze-TaC/NbC (gwema okusekelwe ku-nickel ukuze uthole amandla abuthaka ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu) |
| Amaphrojekthi angabizi kakhulu | Okusanhlamvu okumaphakathi okujwayelekile okuphakathi kwe-WC + 9% cobalt |
Isiphetho
- Ukubusa Kwemakethe: I-Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) iyona ehamba phambili ngokuphelele, ibalwa >95% wezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele ze-drill bit nozzle.
- I-Performance Core: Ukuzivumelanisa nezinselele ezihlukahlukene zokwakheka ngokulungisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu we-WC, isilinganiso se-cobalt/nickel, kanye nezithasiselo.
- Ukungashintshwa: Kuhlala kuyisixazululo esilungile sokulinganisa ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko, ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu (i-nanocrystallization, coatings) ngokuqhubekayo nokwandisa imingcele yohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2025
