I-YG vs YN Cemented Carbides: Umehluko Obalulekile Wemishini Yezimboni

1. Ukuma Okubalulekile: Umehluko Oyisisekelo Phakathi kwe-YG ne-YN

(A) Ukwakhiwa Kwembulwa Ngegama

• I-YG Series (WC-Co Carbides): Yakhelwe ku-tungsten carbide (WC) njengesigaba esiqinile ne-cobalt (Co) njengesibophezelo (isb., i-YG8 iqukethe u-8% Co), eyenzelweukuqina kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
• I-YN Series (TiC-Based Carbides): Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhona: i-TiC-based emsulwa (isb, i-YN10 ene-Ni-Mo binder) noma inhlanganisela ye-WC-TiC (isb., i-YN6 ene-Co-Ni binder), elungiselelweubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nezicelo zemvelo ezikhethekile.

(B) Ukwahlulela Kwesimo Sesicelo sokuqala

• I-YG ihamba phambili ezintweni ezithambile kanye nezimo ezinomthelela: Ilungele insimbi ewugqinsi, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni (i-aluminiyamu, ithusi), kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukumelana nomthelela njengokumba komhlaba nokugxiviza kuyafa.
• I-YN igxile ezintweni eziqinile nezimo ezibucayi: Ilungele ukuqedela i-carbon steel/insimbi ecishiwe, izindawo ezigqwalile ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (ikhemikhali, i-aerospace), kanye nezingxenye ze-electronic ezingezona uzibuthe.

2. Ukuqhathanisa Okujulile: Ukusuka Ekwakhekeni Kuya Ekusebenzeni Kuya Ekufakeni Isicelo

(A) Ukwakheka: Ikhodi Yekhemikhali Yokuhlanganisa Nezigaba Eziqinile

1. Uchungechunge lwe-YG: Ingqwele Yokuqina Yesistimu ye-WC-Co ehlanzekile

• I-Core Formula: 85% -94% WC, 6% -15% Co (isb, YG15 ne-15% Co), ayikho i-titanium (Ti), ukuminyana 13.9-14.8g/cm³ (ingxubevange esindayo).
• I-Microstructural Advantage: I-Ductility ye-Co inikeza amandla amahle kakhulu wokuguquguquka (i-YG8 ifinyelela ku-2300MPa). Amamaki e-Fine-grain (isb, i-YG3X) athuthukisa ubulukhuni bufike ku-92HRA ngokucwenga okusanhlamvu kwe-WC, ukulinganisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka.

2. Uchungechunge lwe-YN: Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Kwama-alloys Asekelwe ku-TiC

• I-TiC-Based Alloys (isb, YN10): Ngaphezu kuka-90% TiC, 10% Ni-Mo binder, ukuminyana kuphela 5.5-6.0g/cm³, ubulukhuni 92-95HRA, igcina ikhono lokusika ku-1200℃ ngokumelana okuvelele kokugqokwa kwe-crater.
• I-WC-TiC Composite (isb, YN6): 92% WC ebusayo, 2% Ni + 6% Co ingeziwe, ihlanganisa ukuqina kwe-YG (1800MPa amandla aguquguqukayo) kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-YN kuzimo ze-acid/alkali zomthwalo ophakathi.

(B) Umehluko Wokusebenza: Izinguquko Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza Ngokusebenza Kwemishini kanye Nempilo Yamathuluzi

1. Ukuqina Nokumelana Nokugqoka: I-YN Isetha Ibhentshimakhi Yomshini Wokunemba

• Ukuqina kwe-YG: 89-91HRA (YG3X fine-grain ifinyelela ku-92HRA), ifaneleka ukugqokwa kwangaphezulu emishinini yensimbi ewugqinsi.
• Ubulukhuni obususelwe ku-YN obumsulwa be-TiC: 91-95HRA, inweba impilo yamathuluzi izikhathi ezi-3-5 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-YG lapho kwenziwa ngomshini insimbi ecishiwe (60HRC). I-low friction coefficient (0.3 vs YG's 0.5) inciphisa umonakalo oshisayo wocezu lokusebenza.

2. Ukuqina kanye Nokumelana Nomthelela: I-YG Ihola Ekusikeni Okuphakathi

• I-cobalt ye-YG ihlinzeka ngokuqina komthelela okungu-4-8J/cm² (YG20C ku-6J/cm²), yehlisa ubungozi bokuchopha ngo-40% ekusikeni kwezikhawu (isb., insimbi yokugaya noma izikhala ezifojiwe).
• I-YN ehlanzekile ye-TiC-based inokuqina okuphansi (1500MPa amandla aguquguqukayo), kodwa inhlanganisela ye-YN15 inyusa amandla aguquguqukayo abe ngu-2000MPa ngokungeza i-WC ne-Co, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokulwa nokudlidliza zokusika komthwalo wokukhanya okuqhubekayo.

3. Ukumelana Nokushisa Nokuqina Kwekhemikhali: I-YN Pioneers High-Temperature Machining

• Ubulukhuni obubomvu be-YG: 600-800℃, lapho i-Co ihlangana kalula nezinsimbi ezisansimbi, okubangela ukwakheka kwamathuluzi.
• I-YN pure TiC-based imelana nokungu-1000-1300℃, ene-Ni-Mo binder imelana ne-oxidation. Ukuhlobana okuphansi kwe-TiC kwensimbi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-anti-adhesion ngo-60% kumashini wensimbi engagqwali, ofanele ukusika ngesivinini esiphezulu (isivinini somugqa ≥200m/min).

(C) Izimo Zohlelo Lokusebenza: “Ukukhetha Okuningi” Kwezidingo Zomshini Wokunemba

1. Uchungechunge lwe-YG: Ukukhetha Okungabizi kakhulu Kwezinsimbi Ezingezona Insimbi Nomshini Ojwayelekile

• Cast Iron Machining: I-YG6/YG8 yokuguqula insimbi empunga (okuphakelayo >0.3mm/r); I-YG15 yokugaya okuphazamisekile kwe-ductile iron, ithuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela ngo-30%.
• Ukukhiqiza Isikhunta: Amamaki e-High-Co afana ne-YG20C (20% Co) esihloko esibandayo ayafa, abekezelele >2000MPa ingcindezi ecindezelayo futhi ehlala isikhathi eside ngo-5x kunesikhunta se-HSS.
• I-Geological Drilling: Amazinyo okumba i-YG11C anciphisa ukuphuka komthelela wamadwala ngo-25% ekukhishweni kwegesi ye-shale, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokumba ngo-15%.

2. Uchungechunge lwe-YN: Umholi Wokusebenza Wokuqedwa Kwensimbi kanye Nezindawo Ezikhethekile

• I-Precision Machining Yensimbi Ecinyiwe: Amathuluzi okuguqula i-YN10 aqeda i-58HRC enensimbi engu-150m/min, afinyelela ubulukhuni obuphezulu obungu-Ra0.4μm, okusondela ukunemba kokugaya.
• Izingxenye Ezimelana Nokugqwala Embonini Yamakhemikhali: Izindandatho zokuvala ze-YN6 zibonisa izinga lokugqwala elingu-0.05mm kuphela ngonyaka ku-10% we-hydrochloric acid, elihlala isikhathi eside ngo-3x kunezimpawu ze-YG.
• Izingxenye Zogesi Ezingezona Zezibuthe: Ingxubevange ye-YN15 engeyona i-magnetic (i-permeability <1.0001) yezingxenye zemishini ye-MRI, igwema ukuphazamiseka kazibuthe ngephutha lokunemba <0.001mm.

3. Igayidi yokukhetha: Izinyathelo ezi-4 zokuya kokusebenza okuphezulu

(A) Isinyathelo 1: Chaza Izakhiwo Zempahla Yomsebenzi

• Insimbi/i-aluminium/ithusi/okungezona izinsimbi→ Beka kuqala i-YG (YG8 ukuze ingabizi kahle, i-YG6X icone-grain yokuqeda).
• Insimbi ye-Carbon/alloy steel/insimbi ecishiwe/insimbi engagqwali→ Beka kuqala i-YN (i-TiC-based YN10 ehlanzekile yokuqedela ngesivinini esiphezulu, i-YN6 eyinhlanganisela yokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile komthwalo omaphakathi).

(B) Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlola Izimo Zokusika

• Ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile/umsebenzi osindayo: Uchungechunge lwe-YG (amandla e-YG15's 2250MPa aguqukayo anikeza ukumelana komthelela okuphezulu okungu-40% kune-YN).
• Ukuqeda okuqhubekayo/ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu: Uchungechunge lwe-YN (ukumelana nokushisa kwe-YN10 kuze kufike ku-50%, isivinini sokusika sifinyelela ku-250m/min).

(C) Isinyathelo sesi-3: Cabangela Izidingo Zemvelo

• Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu/ezonakalisayo/okungezona uzibuthe: Uchungechunge lwe-YN (i-YN15 imelana no-600℃ + ama-acids/alkali; i-YN6 ihlangabezana nezidingo ezingezona ezizibuthe zezinto zikagesi).
• Izimo ezivamile/ezizwela izindleko: Uchungechunge lwe-YG (20% -30% izindleko eziphansi kune-YN, ilungele ukuthengwa kwenqwaba).

(D) Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Amabanga Okuyisethenjwa

Isicelo Scenario	Ibanga Elinconyiwe	Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko	Ukuqhathanisa Ukusebenza Kwemishini
Ukuphenduka Okubi Kwe-Cast Iron	YG8	Ukumelana komthelela + ukumelana nokugqoka, izindleko eziphansi	Impilo yamathuluzi >8h kokuphakelayo okungu-0.5mm/r
Qeda Ukuphenduka Kwensimbi Ecinyiwe	YN10	Ubulukhuni obuphezulu + ukumelana nokushisa, ukuqedwa kwe-Ra0.8μm ebusweni	Ukunemba okuzinzile ku-200m/min
Izihlalo Zevalve Yekhemikhali Engangeni Ukugqwala	YN6	Ukumelana ne-Acid/alkali + ukuqina okumaphakathi	Impilo yesevisi > iminyaka engu-2 ezindaweni ezigqwalile
Isihloko Esibandayo Esinomthwalo Ophakeme Sifa	YG20C	Ukuqina kwe-High-Co, i-anti-chipping	>100,000 imijikelezo yokunyathela

4. Isiphetho: Khetha I-Carbide Ene-Cemented Elungile ukuze Ukhulise Ukusebenza Kwemishini

I-YG ne-YN azikona ukukhetha okuphikisayo kodwa “amathuluzi anembayo” ezimo ezihlukene zokwenza imishini: I-YG ihlanganisa imishini evamile ngendlela engabizi kakhulu kanye nokuqina, kuyilapho i-YN inqamula izingqinamba ezintweni ezinzima nezimo ezibucayi ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iwumkhiqizo ozinzile womshini wensimbi ecijile, ukufuna ukunemba kokuqedwa kwensimbi ecishiwe, noma ukuqina kwesikhathi eside endaweni ebolayo, ukucacisa izidingo kanye nengqondo yohlelo lokusebenza oluhambisanayo kukhulisa inani lama-carbide asimende.

Xhumana nathi manjeukuze uthole izixazululo zokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo futhi uvumele i-YG/YN cemented carbides ibe amandla akho ayinhloko okushayela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini!