Ulwazi olujwayelekile lwensimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yitemu elivamile lama-alloys e-iron-carbon anekhabhoni ephakathi kuka-0.02% no-2.11%.Ngaphezu kuka-2.11% insimbi.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi kungahluka kakhulu.Insimbi equkethe ikhabhoni kuphela ibizwa nge-carbon steel noma insimbi evamile.Enqubweni yokuncibilikisa insimbi, i-chromium, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-silicon, i-titanium, i-molybdenum nezinye izakhi ze-alloy nazo zingangezwa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zensimbi.
Insimbi engagqwali iyinsimbi enezici eziyinhloko zokumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chromium okungenani ku-10.5%, futhi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni akukho ngaphezu kwe-1.2%.
1. Insimbi engagqwali ngeke igqwale?
Lapho kukhona amabala ansundu okugqwala (amabala) phezu kwensimbi engagqwali, abantu bayamangala.Bacabanga ukuthi insimbi engagqwali ngeke igqwale.Ukugqwala akuyona insimbi engagqwali.Kungase kube ngenxa yenkinga yekhwalithi yensimbi.Eqinisweni, lokhu umbono ongalungile wohlangothi olulodwa lokuntula ukuqonda kwensimbi engagqwali.Insimbi engagqwali izogqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Insimbi engagqwali inamandla okumelana ne-oxidation yasemkhathini - ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi inamandla okumelana nokugqwala endaweni equkethe i-asidi, i-alkali nosawoti, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala.Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuyahlukahluka ngokwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, isimo esihlanganyelwe, izimo zesevisi kanye nohlobo lwemidiya yezemvelo.Isibonelo, impahla engu-304 inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu endaweni eyomile nehlanzekile, kodwa lapho iyiswa endaweni esogwini, izogqwala enkungwini yolwandle equkethe usawoti omningi.Ngakho-ke, alukho uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali olungamelana nokugqwala nokugqwala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Insimbi engagqwali iyifilimu ye-oxide ene-chromium enothe kakhulu, eqinile futhi eqinile (ifilimu evikelayo) eyakhiwe endaweni yayo ukuze ivimbele ama-athomu omoya-mpilo ukuthi angaqhubeki nokungena futhi akhiphe i-oxidize, ngaleyo ndlela ithola amandla okumelana nokugqwala.Ngesizathu esithile, ifilimu ihlale ilimele, ama-athomu omoya-mpilo emoyeni noma uketshezi luzoqhubeka nokungena noma ama-athomu ensimbi asensimbi azoqhubeka nokuhlukana, enze i-iron oxide exekethile, futhi ingaphezulu lensimbi nalo lizogqwala njalo.
2. Hlobo luni lwensimbi engagqwali okungelula ukugqwala?
Kunezici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezithinta ukugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali.
1) Okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying
Ngokuvamile, insimbi eno-10.5% we-chromium akulula ukugqwala.Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium ne-nickel, kuba ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala.Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-nickel engu-304 kungu-8%~10%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ngu-18%~20%.Insimbi enjalo engenasici ngeke igqwale ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
2) Inqubo yokuncibilikisa yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza
Inqubo yokuncibilikisa yebhizinisi lokukhiqiza izophinde ithinte ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali.Izitshalo ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali ezinobuchwepheshe obuhle bokuncibilika, imishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili zingaqinisekiswa mayelana nokulawulwa kwezakhi ze-alloying, ukususwa kokungcola, nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lokupholisa i-billet.Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo izinzile futhi inokwethenjelwa, ikhwalithi yangaphakathi inhle, futhi akulula ukugqwala.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izitshalo zensimbi ezincane zisemuva ngemishini nobuchwepheshe.Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilikisa, ukungcola akukwazi ukususwa, futhi imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo nakanjani izogqwala.
3) Imvelo yangaphandle
Indawo enesimo sezulu esomile kanye nomoya omuhle akulula ukugqwala.Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu womoya, isimo sezulu esinemvula eqhubekayo, noma i-acidity ephezulu kanye ne-alkalinity emoyeni zijwayele ukugqwala.304 insimbi engagqwali izogqwala uma indawo ezungezile impofu kakhulu.
3. Ungabhekana kanjani namabala agqwalile ensimbi engagqwali?
1) Izindlela zamakhemikhali
Sebenzisa unamathisele wokuhlanza i-asidi noma fafaza ukuze usize izingxenye ezigqwalile ukuthi zidlule futhi zenze ifilimu ye-chromium oxide ukubuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala.Ngemuva kokuhlanza i-asidi, ukuze ususe zonke izinto ezingcolile nezinsalela ze-asidi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Ngemuva kwakho konke ukwelashwa, phinda upholisha ngezinto zokupholisha bese uvala nge-wax yokupholisha.Ezingxenyeni ezinezindawo zokugqwala ezincane, 1:1 uphethiloli kanye nengxube kawoyela wenjini ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusula amabala okugqwala ngamanikiniki ahlanzekile.
2) Indlela yemishini
Ukuhlanza ukuqhuma, ukudubula ngengilazi noma izinhlayiya zobumba, ukuqothulwa, ukuxubha nokupholisha.Kungenzeka ukusula ukungcola okubangelwa izinto ezikhishwe ngaphambili, izinto zokupholisha noma izinto eziqothuliwe ngezindlela zemishini.Zonke izinhlobo zokungcola, ikakhulukazi izinhlayiya zensimbi zangaphandle, zingase zibe umthombo wokugqwala, ikakhulukazi endaweni enomswakama.Ngakho-ke, indawo ehlanzwe ngomshini kufanele ihlanzwe ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile.Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yomshini kungahlanza indawo yayo kuphela futhi ayikwazi ukushintsha ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ngokwazo.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba uphinde upholise ngemishini yokupholisha ngemva kokuhlanza ngomshini, futhi uvale nge-wax yokupholisha.
4. Ingabe insimbi engagqwali ingahlulelwa ngozibuthe?
Abantu abaningi bahamba bayothenga insimbi engagqwali noma imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali futhi baphathe umazibuthe omncane.Uma bebuka impahla bacabanga ukuthi insimbi enhle engagqwali iyona engakwazi ukumuncwa.Ngaphandle kwamagnetism, ngeke kube nokugqwala.Eqinisweni, lokhu ukuqonda okungalungile.
Ibhendi yensimbi engagqwali engeyona uzibuthe inqunywa isakhiwo.Phakathi nenqubo yokuqiniswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, ngenxa yezinga lokushisa elihlukile lokuqiniswa, izokwakha insimbi engagqwali enesakhiwo esihlukile njenge-"ferrite", "austenite" kanye ne-"martensite", phakathi kwayo i-"ferrite" ne-"martensite" insimbi engagqwali zikazibuthe. .Insimbi engagqwali "ye-austenitic" inezici ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini kanye nokushisela, kodwa insimbi engagqwali "ye-ferritic" enozibuthe inamandla kunensimbi engagqwali "ye-austenitic" kuphela ngokokumelana nokugqwala.
Njengamanje, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uchungechunge lwe-200 kanye nochungechunge lwe-300 lwezinsimbi ezingenasici ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese nokuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephansi emakethe nakho akunayo i-magnetism, kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kukude nalokho kwe-304 enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-304 izophinde ibe ne-micro-magnetism ngemva kokwelula, ukuhlanganisa, ukupholisha, ukuphonsa nezinye izinqubo.Ngakho-ke, kuwukungaqondi kahle futhi akulona isayensi ukwahlulela izinzuzo kanye nebubi bensimbi engagqwali ngokusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ngaphandle uzibuthe.
5. Yiziphi izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali evame ukusetshenziswa?
201: IManganese isetshenziswa esikhundleni sensimbi engagqwali ye-nickel, enokumelana ne-asidi ethile ne-alkali, ukuminyana okuphezulu, ukupholisha futhi engenawo amabhamuza.Isetshenziswa kumakesi wokubuka, amashubhu okuhlobisa, amashubhu ezimboni kanye neminye imikhiqizo engashoni.
202: Ngeye-nickel ephansi kanye nensimbi engagqwali ephezulu ye-manganese, ene-nickel ne-manganese okuqukethwe cishe kuka-8%.Ngaphansi kwezimo zokugqwala ezibuthakathaka, ingangena esikhundleni se-304, ngokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni umhlobiso, umgwaqo onguthelawayeka, ubunjiniyela bakamasipala, i-glass handrail, izinsiza zomgwaqo omkhulu, njll.
304: Insimbi engagqwali evamile, enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla okushisa aphansi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, nokuqina okuphezulu, isetshenziswa embonini yokudla, embonini yezokwelapha, embonini, embonini yamakhemikhali, nasembonini yokuhlobisa ikhaya.
I-304L: insimbi engagqwali ephansi ye-carbon 304, esetshenziselwa izingxenye zemishini ezinokumelana nokugqwala kanye nokwakheka.
316: Ngokungezwa kwe-Mo, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa futhi isetshenziswa emikhakheni yemishini yamanzi olwandle, amakhemikhali, imboni yokudla kanye nokwenza amaphepha.
I-321: Inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuphulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokumelana nokukhuphuka kokushisa okuphezulu.
430: Ukukhathala okumelana nokushisa, i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa incane kunaleyo ye-austenite, futhi isetshenziswa ezintweni zasendlini kanye nokuhlobisa kwezakhiwo.
I-410: Inokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-thermal, i-coefficient encane yokwandisa, nokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation.Isetshenziselwa ukwakha umkhathi, umhwamuko wamanzi, amanzi kanye nezingxenye ezonakalisayo ze-asidi ene-oxidizing.
Okulandelayo yithebula lokuqukethwe "lezinto zengxubevange" zamabanga ahlukene ensimbi yensimbi engagqwali evamile ukuze kusetshenziswe inkomba kuphela:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-30-2023
